The Wanderer; or, Female Difficulties (Volume 4 of 5) — Edition Insights

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Burney, Fanny, 1752-1840 Project Gutenberg 2011 Not confirmed
Historical fiction; War stories; Refugees -- Fiction; France -- History -- Revolution, 1789-1799 -- Refugees -- Fiction Readers of public-domain and historical texts
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Edition facts

Words 58,715
Reading time 256 min
Text sections 6

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In Volume 4 of Fanny Burney's novel, Juliet faces confrontations with Mrs Howel and reveals her parentage through Gabriella's testimony, blending suspense with social commentary on class and gender.
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Juliet was precipitately followed by Lord Melbury.

'It is not, then,' he cried, 'your intention to return to Mrs Ireton?'

'No, my lord, never!'

She had but just uttered these words, when, immediately facing her, she beheld Mrs Howel.

A spectre could not have made her start more affrighted, could not have appeared to her more horrible. And Lord Melbury, who earnestly, at the same moment, had pronounced, 'Tell me whither, then,--' stopping abruptly, looked confounded.

'May I ask your lordship to take me to Lady Aurora?' Mrs Howel coldly demanded.

'Aurora?--Yes;--she is there, Ma'am;--still in the gallery.'

Mrs Howel presented him her hand, palpably to force him with her; and stalked past Juliet, without any other demonstration of perceiving her than what was unavoidably manifested by an heightened air of haughty disdain.

Lord Melbury, distressed, would still have hung back; but Mrs Howel, taking his arm, proceeded, as if without observing his repugnance.

Juliet, in trembling dismay, glided on till she entered a vacant apartment, of which the door was open. To avoid intrusion, she was shutting herself in; but, upon some one's applying, nearly the next minute, for admittance, the fear of new misconstruction forced her to open the door. What, then, was her shock at again viewing Mrs Howel! She started back involuntarily, and her countenance depicted undisguised horrour.

With a brow of almost petrifying severity, sternly fixing her eyes upon Juliet, Mrs Howel, for a dreadful moment, seemed internally suspended, not between hardness and mercy, but between accusation and punishment. At length, in a tone, from the deep sounds of which Juliet shrunk, but had no means to retire, she slowly pronounced, while her head rose more loftily at every word, 'You abscond from Mrs Ireton, though she would permit you to remain with her? 'Tis to Lord Melbury that you reveal your purpose; and the inexperienced youth whom you would seduce, is the only person that can fail to discover your ultimate design, in taking the moment of meeting with him, for quitting the honourable protection which snatches you from want, if not from disgrace: at the same time that it offers security to a noble family, justly alarmed for the morals, if not for the honour of its youthful and credulous chief.'

The terror which, in shaking the nerves, seemed to have clouded even the faculties of Juliet, now suddenly subsided, superseded by yet more potent sensations of quick resentment. 'Hold, Madam!' she cried: 'I may bear with cruelty and injustice, for I am helpless! but not with insult, for I am innocent!'

Mrs Howel, surprised, paused an instant; but then harshly went on, 'This cant, young woman, can only delude those who are ignorant of the world. Whatever you may chuse to utter to me of that sort will be perfectly null. What I have to say is simple; what you have to offer must, of course, be complicate. But I have no time to throw away upon rants and rodomontades, and I have no patience to waste upon impostors. Hear me then without reply.'

'Not to reply, Madam, will cost me little,' indignantly cried Juliet: 'but to hear you,--pardon me, Madam,--force only can exact from me so dreadful a compliance.'

She looked round, but not having courage to open a further door, nor power to pass by Mrs Howel, walked to a window.

Not heeding her resistance, and disdaining her emotion, Mrs Howel continued: 'My Lord Melbury is not, it is true, like his sister, under my immediate care; but he is here only to join her ladyship, whom my Lord Denmeath has entrusted to my protection. And, therefore, though he is as noble in mind as in rank, since he is still, in years, but a boy, I must, in honour, consider myself to be equally responsible to my Lord Denmeath for the brother as for the sister. This being the case, I must not leave him to the machinations of an adventurer. In two words, therefore,--Declare yourself for what you are; or return with Mrs Ireton to Brighthelmstone, and remain under her roof, since she deigns to permit it, till I have restored my young friends, safe and uninjured, to their uncle. Otherwise--'

Volume 4 opens with Juliet fleeing Mrs Ireton's house, only to be intercepted by Lord Melbury and then confronted by the formidable Mrs Howel. The scene establishes a pattern of interrupted escapes and escalating accusations. Mrs Howel's language—'You abscond from Mrs Ireton' and 'the inexperienced youth whom you would seduce'—reveals the social peril Juliet faces, where any independent action is read as moral failure. The narrative voice heightens tension through physical reactions: Juliet's 'trembling dismay' and 'undisguised horrour' at Mrs Howel's reappearance.

Confrontation and Accusation

The encounter with Mrs Howel is a masterclass in social intimidation. Mrs Howel's speech, delivered 'in a tone, from the deep sounds of which Juliet shrunk,' systematically dismantles Juliet's reputation: she is accused of absconding, seducing a young lord, and exploiting 'honourable protection.' Juliet's retort—'I may bear with cruelty and injustice, for I am helpless! but not with insult, for I am innocent!'—is her only defense, but it momentarily silences her accuser. The scene underscores how a woman without visible protection is vulnerable to public condemnation, regardless of her actual conduct.

Gabriella's Revelation

In a later conversation with Sir Jaspar, Gabriella discloses Juliet's parentage: she is the daughter of Lord Granville and the orphaned daughter of an 'insolvent man of business.' Gabriella's eulogy of Juliet's mother—'a pattern of virtue, as well as a model of beauty'—is delivered with 'nobly ingenuous' passion, though Juliet fears the exposure. Sir Jaspar's reaction—'this forlorn, but most beautiful Wanderer'—frames Juliet as a romantic mystery, but the revelation also anchors her in a specific social hierarchy: a secret but legal marriage, a low-born mother, and a noble father. The excerpt leaves unclear how this knowledge will affect Juliet's fate.

The Weight of Exile and Labor

Gabriella's reflections on the French nobility's plight—'to procure,—not luxuries, not elegancies, not even comforts,—but maintenance! mean, laborious maintenance!'—connect Juliet's personal struggles to the broader historical context of the French Revolution. Sir Jaspar's question about 'intellectual dignity' under such toils prompts Gabriella's striking reply: 'I have seen guilt!—Since then, I have thought that shame belonged to nothing else!' This exchange suggests that the novel uses the refugee experience to explore how adversity reshapes moral categories. The catalog subject 'Refugees -- Fiction' is thus not merely a backdrop but a lens through which characters reinterpret honor and survival.

Readers attentive to Burney's prose will note how she uses physical gestures—a start, a gliding step, a fixed gaze—to externalize inner turmoil. The excerpts in this volume offer only fragments of Juliet's full story, but they reveal a novelist deeply engaged with the social mechanics of suspicion and the precariousness of female reputation. The interplay between what characters say aloud and what the narrator implies invites careful rereading.

The rain kept me inside with Fanny Burney’s Juliet, her quiet endurance against so many locked doors. That feeling of waiting for a voice to be believed lingered after the last page. Somehow, my hand found Vittoria — Complete — Inside the Classic instead, a different kind of struggle, louder and more fiery. I hadn’t planned the shift, but the afternoon softened into it, one struggle leading to another.

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  • ...
    Timothy Perry - 1 month ago
    {'rating': 4, 'text': "The Wanderer, Volume 4, delivers a powerful conclusion to the heroine's struggles. Burney's sharp social commentary and keen observation of female limitations are as relevant today as ever. The plot is engaging, with twists and turns that keep you invested in the protagonist's fate. A classic that shines in this volume, bringing the overarching narrative to a satisfying close."}

  • ...
    Stephanie Harris - 1 month ago
    {'rating': 3, 'text': "In Volume 4 of The Wanderer, Burney ties up the story with her characteristic wit, but the pacing feels uneven. The heroine's adversity is well portrayed, and the social critique is thoughtful. However, some subplots feel unresolved, and the denouement is a bit rushed. Still, it's a worthwhile read for those who have followed the series, offering plenty of insight."}

  • ...
    Patricia Chase - 3 weeks ago
    {'rating': 2, 'text': "The Wanderer, Volume 4, is a disappointment. The heroine remains passive for too long, and the plot meanders before a hasty resolution. Burney's prose, while elegant, becomes repetitive, and the social satire loses its edge. The portrayal of female difficulties is heavy-handed and less subtle than in her earlier works. This volume could have been edited down to a finer point; only die-hard fans need apply."}


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